Syphilis
Bacterial
Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum.
It's known for its complex progression through different stages, each with distinct symptoms. Early detection and treatment are crucial to prevent long-term health complications.
Who's at risk?
Anyone who is sexually active can contract syphilis, but the risk increases with:
Having multiple sexual partners
Engaging in unprotected sex
Having a history of other STIs
Men who have sex with men are particularly at higher risk
What are the symptoms?
Syphilis progresses through several stages, each with different symptoms. Some individuals may not notice any symptoms at first, but the infection can cause severe health issues if left untreated.
Primary Stage:
Chancre: A single sore or multiple sores at the site of infection (usually genitals, anus, or mouth). The sore is usually firm, round, and painless, making it easy to miss. It appears 3 weeks to 3 months after exposure and heals on its own.
Secondary Stage:
Skin Rashes: Typically on the palms of the hands and soles of the feet but can appear elsewhere on the body. The rash usually doesn’t itch.
Mucous Membrane Lesions: Sores in the mouth, vagina, or anus.
Flu-like Symptoms: Fever, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, hair loss, headaches, weight loss, muscle aches, and fatigue.
Latent Stage:
No Visible Symptoms: This stage can last for years. Although there are no symptoms, the bacterium remains in the body.
Tertiary Stage:
Severe Health Problems: This stage can occur 10-30 years after the initial infection and can cause serious damage to the heart, brain, nerves, eyes, blood vessels, liver, bones, and joints. It can be life-threatening.
How is it diagnosed?
How is it treated?
Syphilis is treatable, especially in its early stages. The standard treatment is:
Antibiotics: Typically, a single injection of penicillin is effective for early-stage syphilis. For those allergic to penicillin, other antibiotics like doxycycline or azithromycin may be used.
It's crucial to complete the full course of treatment and follow up with your healthcare provider to ensure the infection is fully cleared.
What happens if this is left untreated?
Untreated syphilis can lead to serious long-term health problems, including:
Neurological and cardiovascular issues
Blindness
Dementia
Organ damage
Increased risk of HIV infection
What precautions can you take?
Preventing syphilis involves adopting safe sex practices:
Condoms: Use condoms consistently and correctly during vaginal, anal, and oral sex to reduce the risk.
Regular STI Screenings: Regular check-ups are essential, especially if you have multiple partners or a new partner.
Communication: Open and honest discussions with sexual partners about STIs and sexual health.
Limit Sexual Partners: Reducing the number of sexual partners can lower your risk.