Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)
Viral
Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a viral infection that affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging from mild illness to serious, lifelong health problems.
Hepatitis B is a significant global health concern, but with proper management and treatment, it can be controlled and complications can be prevented.
Who's at risk?
Hepatitis B is transmitted through exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Common modes of transmission include:
Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person
Sharing needles or syringes among injection drug users
Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth
Contact with infected blood or bodily fluids in healthcare settings
Less commonly, transmission can occur through sharing personal items such as razors or toothbrushes with an infected person.
What are the symptoms?
Many people with Hepatitis B do not experience symptoms, especially in the early stages of infection. When symptoms do occur, they can include:
Fatigue
Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)
Dark urine
Abdominal pain
Loss of appetite
Nausea
Joint pain
Clay-colored stools
How is it diagnosed?
How is it treated?
While there is no cure for Hepatitis B, there are medications available to manage the infection and reduce the risk of complications. Treatment typically involves antiviral medications taken over the long term to suppress viral replication and reduce liver inflammation. In some cases, treatment may be necessary for life.
What happens if this is left untreated?
Seeking treatment for Hepatitis B is essential to prevent long-term complications and improve overall health outcomes. Untreated Hepatitis B can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer. With appropriate management and treatment, many people with Hepatitis B can live healthy, fulfilling lives.
What precautions can you take?
Preventing Hepatitis B involves taking precautions to reduce the risk of exposure to the virus:
Getting vaccinated against Hepatitis B
Practicing safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly
Avoiding sharing needles, syringes, or other injection equipment
Ensuring that healthcare settings follow proper infection control procedures
Screening pregnant women for Hepatitis B and providing appropriate treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission