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Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)

Viral

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) is a viral infection that affects the liver. It can cause both acute and chronic hepatitis, ranging from mild illness to serious, lifelong health problems. 


Hepatitis B is a significant global health concern, but with proper management and treatment, it can be controlled and complications can be prevented.

Who's at risk?

Hepatitis B is transmitted through exposure to infected blood or bodily fluids. Common modes of transmission include:


  • Unprotected sexual contact with an infected person

  • Sharing needles or syringes among injection drug users

  • Mother-to-child transmission during childbirth

  • Contact with infected blood or bodily fluids in healthcare settings

  • Less commonly, transmission can occur through sharing personal items such as razors or toothbrushes with an infected person.

What are the symptoms?

Many people with Hepatitis B do not experience symptoms, especially in the early stages of infection. When symptoms do occur, they can include:

  • Fatigue

  • Jaundice (yellowing of the skin and eyes)

  • Dark urine

  • Abdominal pain

  • Loss of appetite

  • Nausea

  • Joint pain

  • Clay-colored stools

How is it diagnosed?

Hepatitis B is diagnosed through blood tests that detect the presence of HBV antigens or antibodies. Additional tests may be performed to assess liver function and determine the extent of liver damage.

How is it treated?

While there is no cure for Hepatitis B, there are medications available  to manage the infection and reduce the risk of complications. Treatment  typically involves antiviral medications taken over the long term to suppress viral replication and reduce liver inflammation. In some cases,  treatment may be necessary for life.

What happens if this is left untreated?

Seeking treatment for Hepatitis B is essential to prevent long-term  complications and improve overall health outcomes. Untreated Hepatitis B  can lead to serious liver damage, including cirrhosis, liver failure,  and liver cancer. With appropriate management and treatment, many people  with Hepatitis B can live healthy, fulfilling lives.

What precautions can you take?

Preventing Hepatitis B involves taking precautions to reduce the risk of exposure to the virus:

  • Getting vaccinated against Hepatitis B

  • Practicing safe sex by using condoms consistently and correctly

  • Avoiding sharing needles, syringes, or other injection equipment

  • Ensuring that healthcare settings follow proper infection control procedures

  • Screening pregnant women for Hepatitis B and providing appropriate treatment to prevent mother-to-child transmission

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